{"id":12391,"date":"2020-02-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-02-10T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/savetibet.nl\/nieuws\/new-china-nepal-agreements-could-deny-tibetans-freedom\/"},"modified":"2020-02-11T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2020-02-10T23:00:00","slug":"new-china-nepal-agreements-could-deny-tibetans-freedom","status":"publish","type":"nieuws","link":"https:\/\/savetibet.nl\/en\/news\/new-china-nepal-agreements-could-deny-tibetans-freedom\/","title":{"rendered":"New China-Nepal agreements could deny Tibetans freedom"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"text-box wp-block-list\"><li>Two agreements signed by Nepal and China during President Xi \nJinping\u2019s October 2019 visit and obtained by the International Campaign \nfor Tibet could seriously endanger Tibetans, including those residing in\n Nepal and those fleeing there from Tibet.<\/li><li>The agreement on a \u201cBoundary Management System\u201d commits both sides \nto returning \u201cpersons found while crossing border illegally\u201d within \nseven days. This could result in Tibetans who try to escape to freedom \nbeing sent back to the  repressive rule of the Chinese Communist Party.<\/li><li>The \u201cTreaty on Mutual Legal Assistance on Criminal Matters\u201d \npotentially opens the door for China to intervene in matters related to \nTibetans living in Nepal, increasing the vulnerability and risks \nparticularly for Tibetans who express their political views or cultural \nidentity. Given China\u2019s influence on the less-developed Nepal and the \nobvious power imbalance between the two countries, there are worries \nthat Nepal may disregard legal protections for Tibetans while responding\n to Chinese requests under this treaty.<\/li><li>Until now, a \u201cGentleman\u2019s Agreement\u201d between the Nepali government, \nthe United Nations and other international stakeholders has ensured that\n Tibetans fleeing into exile can safely transit to India via Nepal, \nwhich has long been the linchpin of their journey to freedom.<\/li><li>There are fears that Nepal and China may sign an extradition \nagreement that would represent a serious danger for long-term Tibetan \nresidents of Nepal, raising concerns that they could be targeted for \narrest and return to Tibet.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe implementation of these agreements between Nepal and China could\n result in a clear violation of international law if Nepal were to begin\n to deport the Tibetan refugees back to Tibet,\u201d International Campaign \nfor Tibet President Matteo Mecacci said. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cFurthermore, the rumored extradition treaty between Nepal and China,\n if confirmed, would put thousands of Tibetan refugees at risk of being \ndeported in violation of the principle of \u2018non-refoulement\u2019 and would \nrepresent a serious deterioration of human rights in Nepal, as China\u2019s \nlegal system notoriously defies all internationally accepted standards \nof the rule of law and fair trials. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe therefore call on Nepal to reassure the international community \nthat it will continue to protect the Tibetan refugees who reside or \narrive in its territory.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/secureservercdn.net\/198.71.233.163\/4vo.170.myftpupload.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Xi-Jinping-Nepal-President-600x315.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-31893\"\/><figcaption><em>Chinese Chairman Xi Jinping meeting with Nepal\u2019s President Bidhya Devi Bhandari in Kathmandu, Nepal, on Oct. 12, 2019<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">New agreements<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The text of the Boundary Management Agreement and the Treaty on \nMutual Legal Assistance on Criminal Matters\u2014both of which were signed \nduring Chinese President Xi Jinping\u2019s visit to Nepal in October \n2019\u2014reveals how these agreements could potentially endanger Tibetans, \nboth those trying to flee to Nepal as well as those residing in the \ncountry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The documents, obtained by the International Campaign for Tibet, \nrepresent a major escalation in China\u2019s influence and authority in \nKathmandu. ICT sources also say the two countries might soon sign an \nextradition treaty, referred to in a <a href=\"https:\/\/mofa.gov.np\/joint-statement-between-nepal-and-the-peoples-republic-of-china-2\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">joint statement<\/a> following  Xi\u2019s visit, raising further fears about Nepal returning longtime Tibetan residents to Chinese control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/english.khabarhub.com\/2020\/22\/70364\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">According to Nepali media<\/a>,\n details of the agreements only became known publicly after Minister of \nForeign Affairs Pradeep Gyawali sent a written statement to Parliament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Xi\u2019s visit in October was the first by a Chinese President in more \nthan two decades. He chose the occasion of his visit to make a graphic \nthreat that any attempt to split China would result in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-50035229\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u201ccrushed bodies and bones ground to powder.\u201d<\/a>\n While most likely a reference to the ongoing Hong Kong protests, Xi\u2019s \ncomments underlined the Chinese Communist Party\u2019s unambiguous position \nagainst \u201cseparatists\u201d and were made in a country just across the border \nfrom Tibet. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tibet, a historically independent country, has been brutally occupied\n by China since 1959. China regards any attempt by Tibetans to assert \ntheir freedom or express their unique cultural and religious identity as\n \u201cseparatism.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reversal of previous policies<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If Nepal goes on to implement the new agreements with regard to \nTibetans who have sought refuge in Nepal, it would effectively represent\n a reversal of its previous policy to protect them, as conveyed by \nNepal\u2019s Foreign Secretary Madhu Raman Acharya in <a href=\"https:\/\/savetibet.org\/nepal-adopts-new-policy-of-protection-for-tibetan-refugees\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">his letter to US Sen. Dianne Feinstein<\/a>, D-Calif., on Aug. 4, 2003.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Following the May 31, 2003 forced deportation of 18 Tibetan refugees \nfrom Kathmandu by Nepalese authorities working in collusion with the \nChinese Embassy, Feinstein had announced the withdrawal of her support \nfor legislation before Congress intended to provide Nepal with \npreferential treatment for its textile imports to the United States. In \nhis letter, Acharya said, \u201cNepal will uphold the principle of \nnon-refoulement of the refugees. Nepal will not forcibly return any \nasylum seekers from its soil.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Boundary Management agreement<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Articles 26 and 27 of the Boundary Management System agreement deal \nwith \u201cpersons crossing the border illegally.\u201d Article 26.2 reads, \u201cThe \nboundary representatives or competent authorities of both sides shall \ninvestigate the cases of persons found while crossing [the] border \nillegally, ascertain their identities, cross border facts and reasons as\n soon as possible and hand them over to the side where they stayed \nbefore crossing the border within seven days from the day when they were\n detained.\u201d This provision would put at risk Tibetans who cross into the\n Nepali territory after escaping Chinese government repression, as they \ncould effectively be sent back without receiving any legal protection in\n Nepal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The agreement also expands on the possible use of firearms to deal \nwith people crossing the border illegally. Article 27 states: \u201cBefore \nusing weapons, frontier personnel shall clearly send out the warning of \npreparing to use weapons and fire a warning shot. Using weapons is \nlimited to prevent the unlawful action only.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2006, there was a <a href=\"https:\/\/savetibet.org\/2006-refugee-report-dangerous-crossing-2006-update\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">much-publicized case of a 17-year-old Tibetan nun named Kelsang Namtso<\/a> who was shot dead by Chinese security forces during her escape across the Nangpa Pass to Nepal on Sept. 30, 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More recently, there has been a dramatic decline in Tibetans escaping\n from Tibet into Nepal, due to China\u2019s heightened security in border \nareas, as well as its ongoing crackdown in Tibet. While for many years \nthere was a steady total of 2,500 to 3,500 Tibetans escaping into exile \neach year, the number dwindled to <a href=\"https:\/\/bylinetimes.com\/2020\/01\/22\/china-clamps-down-on-the-tibetans-escaping-for-freedom\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">an unprecedented low of just 18 Tibetans in 2019<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mutual Legal Assistance treaty<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nepal\u2019s human rights activists and lawyers have pointed out that the \nMutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Treaty could also be used to\n target Tibetans refugees in Nepal. Lawyer Gopal Krishna Ghimire was <a href=\"https:\/\/thehimalayantimes.com\/nepal\/china-may-misuse-mlat-against-tibetan-refugees\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">cited in the Nepali press<\/a>\n as saying, \u201cChina can tell our government tomorrow that a particular \nTibetan refugee has committed a crime in China and s\/he should be kept \nunder surveillance. In that case, the Tibetan refugee could be unfairly \ntargeted.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the light of this, a recent report that Nepal\u2019s Ministry of Home Affairs is <a href=\"https:\/\/english.khabarhub.com\/2020\/21\/70076\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">in the final stages of installing software<\/a>\n with digitized information about Tibetan residents in Nepal assumes \ngreater significance. The software installation was done with the \nassistance of Chinese authorities, and the compiled information will be \naccessible to Nepali police and, under established information-sharing \nagreements, almost certainly to Chinese officials too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nepal\u2019s police have frequently detained Tibetans in Kathmandu for \n\u201cquestioning\u201d prior to high-profile visits by Chinese officials. The \npolice also increase surveillance in Tibetan refugee settlements during \ncultural celebrations like the Tibetan New Year and the Dalai Lama\u2019s \nbirthday.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">China\u2019s influence in Nepal<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nepal\u2019s ability to counter China\u2019s oppression of Tibetans has been increasingly compromised, particularly since <a href=\"http:\/\/www.globaltimes.cn\/content\/1061315.shtml\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nepal formally joined China\u2019s \u201cOne Belt One Road\u201d initiative in 2017, with promises of millions of dollars of Chinese investment<\/a> in Nepali infrastructure and projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A strong signal of China\u2019s heavy and deepening footprint in Nepal \ncame with the visit of Wang Xiaohong, executive vice-minister of China\u2019s\n Ministry of Public Security, to Kathmandu in December 2019. Soon \nthereafter, the arrests and deportations of 122 Chinese took place. Even\n though Nepal\u2019s security agencies said it wasn\u2019t a joint operation and \nthat they only acted in coordination with Chinese authorities, <a href=\"https:\/\/english.khabarhub.com\/2020\/21\/70076\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">some Nepali media<\/a> reported that Wang was in Nepal to oversee the operation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The deportations raised alarm among many in Kathmandu with regard to \nNepal\u2019s sovereignty and judicial independence. Laxman Lal Karna, chief \nwhip of the Rastriya Janata Party Nepal (RJPN), was <a href=\"https:\/\/english.khabarhub.com\/2020\/21\/70076\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">quoted by the Nepali media outlet Khabarhub<\/a> as saying: \u201cSuch suspicious deportation executed without due process of the law put the sovereignty at stake.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">US response<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the light of a reported deportation of six Tibetans from Nepal in \nSeptember 2019, US Reps. James McGovern, D-Mass., and Chris Smith, R-NJ,\n co-chairs of the Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission, and six other \nmembers of Congress <a href=\"https:\/\/humanrightscommission.house.gov\/news\/press-releases\/tlhrc-co-chairs-lead-letter-human-rights-tibetans-nepal\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">wrote to Nepal\u2019s Ambassador<\/a>\n to US urging Nepal\u2019s government to protect fully the human rights of \nTibetans in Nepal, noting \u201cthe worrying prospect of an extradition \ntreaty between Nepal and China, the increasingly stringent restrictions \non freedom of assembly and expression suffered by Tibetans in Nepal and \nthe essentially stateless status of many Tibetans.\u201d For decades, many \nTibetan refugees have not received a registration certificate from the \nNepali government and can therefore more easily be denied their rights. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Congress members also stated: \u201cExtradition treaties can be a \nlegitimate tool for international law enforcement, but should not be \nused to send people to a country where they would be at risk of serious \nhuman rights abuses. Recognizing the [People\u2019s Republic of China\u2019s] \nlong-standing repression of Tibetans within its borders, we fear that an\n extradition treaty would be used by that government to persecute \nTibetans living in Nepal.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On Oct. 11, 2019, Sen. Robert Menendez, D-NJ, wrote a letter to \nNepali Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli in response to a news report about \nthe possible signing of an extradition treaty, stating \u201cI strongly urge \nyou against any additional steps toward completing such an agreement.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The members of Congress have yet to receive a response from Nepali authorities to their letters. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Violations of international law<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The implications of the new agreements counter <a href=\"https:\/\/mofa.gov.np\/address-to-the-oxford-union-by-prime-minister-of-nepal-right-honourable-mr-k-p-sharma-oli-on-peace-democracy-and-development\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Oli\u2019s assertions<\/a>\n that economic growth and protecting people\u2019s rights go hand in hand. In\n a speech at the Oxford Union in the United Kingdom on June 11, 2019, \nOli said: \u201cIn Nepal\u2019s context, the democratic values and pluralism are \ninherent in our own culture and they are born out of our own conscience \nand conviction. We have been practicing them as Nepali way of life. [\u2026] \nPeople themselves are the custodians of peace. They are the defenders of\n democracy and champions of human rights. Therefore, democracy and its \n\u2018bidirectional\u2019 outcomes- peace and development \u2013 must aim at serving \nthe people.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nepal is bound by international law to respect the principle of \nnon-refoulement, which precludes states from returning a person to a \nplace where he or she might be tortured or face persecution. The \nprinciple of non-refoulement is included in several treaties signed and \nratified by Nepal, such as the Convention against Torture and Other \nCruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Article 3), General\n Comment No. 20 of the Human Rights Committee and General Comment No. 6 \nof the Committee on the Rights of the Child.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Two agreements signed by Nepal and China during President Xi  Jinping\u2019s October 2019 visit and obtained by the International Campaign  for Tibet could seriously endanger Tibetans, including those residing in  Nepal and those fleeing there from Tibet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":12392,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categorie":[691],"news_tag":[683],"class_list":["post-12391","nieuws","type-nieuws","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","categorie-news","news_tag-refugees-and-exile"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - 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